Air Pollution Affects Our Environment - 898 Words

Air pollution effects our environment greatly. Air pollution affects things like the animals and people that live anywhere on the planet, but more importantly air pollution affects our ozone layer which protects people from harmful UV rays. If air pollution regulations were better meaning they were stricter then, there would not be as many drastic effects to our environment. Air pollution regulations need to be stricter. The Ozone layer is depleting due to air pollution. This can be caused by the smog that is released from Motor vehicles. â€Å"Motor Vehicles provide our atmosphere with 75% of the carbon monoxide emissions nationwide.† (Epa). The ozone layer is depleting due to the smog and other toxic compounds that are released into the atmosphere. â€Å"The Ozone layer is greatly affected by excessive release of chlorine and bromine. Motor Vehicles are also responsible for nearly half of smog and toxic air pollutants in our atmosphere.† (TheOzone) People who travel by motor vehicles have gone up every year. Also people are buying bigger cars that hurt the environment a lot more than they used to. Another affect air pollution has on our environment is how it is killing animals. Animals that live in our environment are dying because of the effects caused by air pollution. â€Å"Industries can emit large amounts of nitrogen and sulfur gases and those elements can be made into acid rain. They are responsible for about 50% of the pollution. In the U.S. Acid rain is one of the results ofShow MoreRelatedAir Pollution Affects Our Environment963 Words   |  4 Pagesronment? Air pollution affects our environment because it causes health problems, negatively affects the economy, and causes drastic weather changes. Air pollution is one of the world s biggest killers. It is made up of gases that are released into the air in large quantities. These gases are capable of harming humans, animals, plants, and our climate. Approximately two million people die prematurely from air pollution each year. For every person that dies, hundreds or thousands more suffer breathingRead MoreHow Does Air Pollution Affect Our Health And Our Environment?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesvehicles causes hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and ozone to be emitted into the air. These pollutants have negative effects on our health and our environment. Hybrid cars can reduce the amount of pollutants that are emitted from our vehicles because they use much less gasoline than gas-only vehicles. The hybrid car uses less gas and emits less pollution because it has a dual engine, which is part gas and part electric. Honda and Toyota have successfully built hybridRead MorePollution And Its Effects On The Environment973 Words   |  4 Pages Pollution As a society, we have come to understand that pollution is the process of discharging harmful substances into our atmosphere, water or soil. There are campaigns all across the world educating us to the different types of pollution. Humankind has become more aware of the rising problems with pollution and recycling is constant in most households. We know about the effects that pollution has on the environment, but how do the types of pollution affect each other?Read MoreEssay On Air Pollution704 Words   |  3 Pagesaware that air pollution is bad for our environment and detrimental to our health as a human species, they may not be aware of how it affects them and the environment in which they reside. Personally, air pollution affects me in terms of my overall long-term health. When I was younger, I was diagnosed with asthma. I struggled to take breath, especially in an environment that is filled with air pollution. However, as I grew older, my condition began to improve because of maintaining stellar air qualityRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution990 Words   |  4 PagesAir pollution should be addressed more seriously, because it is the deadliest of pollutions killing millions of per year around the world. The pollutants in our environment are mainly caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Air pollution has a massive impact on the environment. It also has an negative impact on the human body. Air pollution can be prevented by performing many simple tasks. Air pollution is extremely dangerous to the human body and the environment and should be dealt with more seriouslyRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Our Health And Sustainability1408 Words   |  6 Pagesas the issues that it is causes to our personal health. Air pollution is a large problem that exists in the United States and affects all of us. However, the challenge that we as American’s face is the inescapable necessities of modern life (driving to work, cooking food, etc.). These technologies are directly linked to air pollution and therefore affect our health and sustainability. BusinessDictionary.com defines air pollution as, â€Å"the condition in which air is contaminated by foreign substancesRead MoreEffects Of Air Pollution Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesmany kinds of pollution, but one that has the most impact on humans would be air pollution. In order to live, we must breathe air and surprisingly some things that we breathe takes a toll on our health. Air pollution occurs when pollutants are released into the atmosphere. It has both chronic and acute effects on human health which effects a number of different systems and organsFossil fuel combustion such as diesel fuel, coal, gasoline and natural gas is the main source of air pollution. Most of thisRead MoreLiving Downstream By Sandra Steingraber856 Words   |  4 Pagesof Living Downstream by Sandra Steingraber, it explains dilemmas of the Atmospheric Circulation affects the environment an d living things. Atmospheric Circulation is the redistribution of air on the earth surface. Additionally, it s the leading problem of pollution around the world. Atmospheric pollution is consisted of chemicals, and toxins into the air. The air that we inhale and exhale isn t in our favor because it is composed with various toxins and different combination of element such as oxygenRead MoreAir Pollution Is A Serious Problem1571 Words   |  7 PagesAir pollution is a very serious problem throughout the world. Exposure to air pollution is easy and it can affect your health. Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials into Earth’s atmosphere, causing diseases, death to humans, and damage to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment (Air Pollution, 2016, June 27). This definition proves that exposure to air pollution can harm the main thingsRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Polluti on On The Environment Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesBackground and Analysis Air pollution is the infiltration of chemicals or toxic molecules into the atmosphere. In the global context many countries including China, the United States, Mexico, and others are haunted by pollution in the air. However each has a certain degree of air pollution different from the other. Air pollution kills animals and plants by intoxicating our bodies with harmful bacteria and chemicals. Unless our bodies become immune or we learn to clear the pollution earth s ecosystem

National Debt And Debt Of The Federal Government - 1835 Words

National debt, the accumulated debt of the federal government, has always been a major political issue for the government. The United States has always been in debt, in fact, we started out in debt. In 1977, The Continental Congress needed to borrow money to continue the Revolutionary War. As the years went by, and more presidents took office, the national debt increased. As of September 1, 2016, the United States national debt was listed to be $19.5 trillion. With all the national debt, the government must find a way to use it. This is where deficit spending, the use of borrowed funds to finance government expenditures that exceed tax revenues, comes in. Although national debt has a lot of disadvantages, there are also many advantages. National debt gives countries the opportunity to receive extra funds to invest in economic growth, and it’s a safe way for foreigners to invest in a countries growth by buying government bonds. National debt allows the government to fight against contingencies, and also allows the government to build new roads and bridges, improve education, job training, and provide pensions. This spurs citizens to spend more instead of saving for retirement, further boosting economic growth. National debt can also help cope with depression. Disadvantages of national debt include the fact that governments tend to take on too much debt, and it will interfere with economic conditions. Fighting against contingencies, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakesShow MoreRelatedU.s National Debt And History1304 Words   |  6 PagesUS national debt and history The national debt of US is the amount owed by the federal government. In the past decade, $12.7 trillion have been added to the US national debt and at the end of fiscal year of 2016, the amount is expected to be approximately $22.4 trillion including federal, state and local. Debt per citizen will be over $63.000 and debt per taxpayer is about $163.000. The largest budget is medical care which is about $1.5 trillion and mostly introduced by Obama’s administration andRead MoreHow Big Is The National Debt And Describe Its History?905 Words   |  4 PagesUS national debt and describe its history? There seems to be a surge in national debt during the GW Bush and Obama administrations. Why is that? What are the consequences of a large national debt? Is it going to hamper the economic growth as some have claimed? Is it possible for US to default on its debt in future? Explain. Why the Nobel winning economist Paul Krugman is not as alarmed as many others are with respect to the high level of US national debt? 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Whether it s developing a nation s annual budget, analyzing deficits or surpluses, accumulating government liabilities, or outsourcing to investors, the governments of all nations have and will continue to run like any other successful business. In the case of a country, the economic, societal, foreign, military, and national strengths, are relying on the influence of a business mentality throughout the nations’Read MoreThe U.s. National Debt1650 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. national debt is very large at more than three-quarters the size of the economy—and growing federal spending, especially on entitlements, is quickly driving the debt to damaging lev els. Federal spending was about 23 percent of the GDP in 2012—far above the historical average of 20.2 percent. It is projected to surge to nearly 36 percent in less than one generation. The government debt must be limited in some way or else our economy will face devastating consequences. The government debt has hadRead MoreAnalysis Of The Federal Budget Deficit And The National Debt1642 Words   |  7 PagesANALYSIS OF THE FEDERAL BUDGET DEFICIT AND THE NATIONAL DEBT Morgan Sibley The Federal budget deficit is the amount of spending by the Federal government that is in excess of how much money the government brings in annually. While the Federal budget deficit has steadily decreased overall during the past fifteen years, our Federal debt continues to grow at a drastic rate. A review of how the Federal deficit has evolved over the past fifteen years, the rate of growth of the Federal debt during thatRead MoreFederal Deficit And The National Debt1661 Words   |  7 Pagesyears of the federal deficit and the national debt, as well as examination their relationship. This paper also looks at how the deficit is created and dealt with, along with what happens to different areas of the economy when the deficit’s size changes. Lastly this paper covers who owns the national debt, how these people are paid off, and the interest rate of the debt. Federal Budget Deficit with a sprinkle if National Debt (1, 2, 3) The federal budget deficit and the national debt are two different

Conscientious Objection in Nursing

Question: Discuss about theConscientious Objection in Nursing. Answer: Introduction Nursing is one of the professions governed by codes of ethics which should be stringently adhered to by all the practitioners. Whenever discharging their duties, nurses are required to prioritize the interest of the patients because they are the primary focus in healthcare delivery. Meaning, nurses have obligations to comply with all the codes of ethics as well as legislations governing the profession. However, this notwithstanding, nurses are still entitled to freedoms and rights. One such freedom enjoyed by the nurses is conscientious objection. This simply implies that nurses are allowed to make choice whether to participate in certain procedures. Conscientious Objection In as much as it can be argued that nurses have a responsibility to deliver quality care to the patients, the nurses still have a right to refuse to participate in a patient care. According to the principles of conscientious objection, a nurse can flatly refuse to participate in a medical procedure deemed ethically or unacceptable. Nurses are allowed to make such a choice because, just like the rest of the society, they are entitled to have personal values and beliefs. Therefore, whenever they feel that a medical procedure is unacceptable, they cannot be compelled to engage in it (Walsh, 2016). Instead, they are allowed to think about it and refuse to attend to a patient no matter how serious the condition might be. The freedom of conscientious objection can also be granted on religious grounds. Like any other human being, nurses have a right to profess their religious beliefs. Therefore, when attending to their patients, nurses can have a liberty right to opt out of a medical procedure if by any chance they are convinced that it contravenes the religious beliefs. Examples of situations in which a conscientious objection can be applied are during sterilization, abortion and aided suicide. For example, when a nurse feels that it is unethically justifiable to use Plan B contraception after unprotected sexual intercourse, a nurse can refuse to recommend such prescriptions to the patient (Harries, Cooper, Strebel Colvin, 2014). In this case, the nurse cannot be considered to be unprofessional or irresponsible in their duties. Even if the nurses have an opportunity to express their liberty rights, the freedom should be exercised responsibly. The decision should only be made on a conviction that it is morally and legally justifiable. At the same time, it should be weighed against the available priorities such as quality care, life improvement, and conservation of resources, patient involvement, and adherence to prerequisite standards. The decision should not be based on personal preferences, but on acceptable religious and moral standards (Lachman, 2014). So, after making a decision to refuse participation in a medical procedure, the nurse should inform the patient and relevant authority and make timely arrangements for referrals. This can indicate that the nurse is a responsible practitioner who complies with the ethical standards of the nursing profession. How does this Relate to the Nurses Ethical Responsibilities? In Australia, nurses are required to adhere to the codes of ethics of nursing. By doing this, a nurse will always strives to deliver benevolent, just and quality healthcare to the patients. In a nutshell, a nurse has a mandate to comply with the ethical principles of autonomy; respect of the patients rights and culture; quality care for all; confidentiality; accountability; and responsibility (Edwards, 2016). From this, it can be observed that the concept of conscientious objection is directly related to nursing ethics (Walsh, 2016). For a nurse to deliver quality healthcare to the patients, a nurse should feel motivated. To motivate the nurses, the employer does not only need to offer rewarding remunerations, but also recognize the nurses and avail a conducive working environment. And one way of accomplishing this goal is to enable nurses to operate without any unnecessary interference. So, when it comes to decision making, nurse should be given an ample opportunity to decide on what to do at any given time so long as it is within the stipulated regulations. A nurse who enjoys his liberty rights is a highly motivated (Morrell Chavkin, 2015). Meaning, he can deliver high quality services because there are no hindrance whatsoever. It is for this reason that the concept of conscientious objection is in line with the nurses ethical responsibilities. Apart from motivating the nurses to deliver exceptional services to the patients, the idea of conscientious objection can play a significant role in ensuring that a nurse remains responsible in their decisions. The acknowledgement of the fact that the nurse should act in the interest of the patient can not fade away from the mind of the nurse even after refusal to participate in a medical procedure (Chan, Chan, Lui, Yu, Law, Cheung Lam, 2014). Thus, the nurse has to take the necessary measures such as informing the patient and the employer on the decision. At the same time, the nurse, upon making a decision to refuse participation in a procedure, has a duty to collaborate with his colleagues and refer the case to other specialists to serve the client without any delays. This shows that conscientious objection comes with responsibilities that have to be observed by the nurse. Otherwise, the nurse would just abandon a patient and leave them to suffer in pain and unnecessarily lose the ir lives so long as the procedure is refused on moral and spiritual convictions. The concept of conscientious objection is in line with the nursing ethical responsibilities because it does not just give nurses a right to refuse participation in a medical procedure without justifying the cause. The right should be exercised with lots of responsibilities. For example, even if a nurse feels to be excluded from a procedure, the nurse should not do so on personal preferences. Instead, the decision should only be pegged on justifiable reason that is morally right and legally accepted (Burston Tuckett, 2013). Only when a nurse is capable of proving that the decision is in a violation of the religious and moral beliefs should it be valid enough to warrant refusal. At the same time, all the decisions should be made in compliance with all the existing refusal laws. Is this Considered in the Best Interest of the Patient? Why? How? The idea of conscientious refusal is necessary in the nursing practice because it can help in addressing the challenges that do arise as a result of ethical collision that exists between an of individual nurses liberty rights or values and professional standards, legal regulations and common practice standards from the colleagues (Harding, 2013). It is for this reason that a hot debate has ensued on whether conscientious refusal is done in the interests of the patient or the nurse. This paper refutes the claim peddled by the critics that conscientious objection is a liberty right that should be deprived because it is undesirable practice done for the sole interest of the practitioner. It is unjustifiable to claim that such liberty rights can erode the nursing profession by making the nurses to deprive the patients of their autonomy and compromising the quality of services delivered (Walsh, 2016). It is not true to make such an argument because nurses also deserve to have liberty rights upheld just like the rest of the people in the society. It is therefore undeniable that a nurse who engages in a conscientious objection does so for the benefit of the patient. A nurse who refuses to engage in a procedure is serving the interests of the patients. It is right for a nurse to refuse to participate in a procedure if it is exclusively aimed at promoting the well-being of the patient. For example, when a nurse feels that the best alternative to adopt while serving a patient is to refrain from participating in the treatment process, it means that the nurse is concerned about the patient (Nieminen, Lappalainen, Ristimki, Myllykangas Mustonen, 2015). The feeling that the involvement of a nurse in a procedure can compromise the quality of the service rendered, implies that the nurse is not serving his own interests, but responsibly acting on behalf of a patient. The other reason why the refusal of a nurse to participate in a medical procedure is in the best interests of the patient is because such decisions are made as the last resort. Meaning, a nurse can only decide to conscientiously object an intervention after exploring all the other options. For instance, when exclusion is based on the fact that the nurse might be fatigued or distressed at the time of service delivery, it becomes crystal clear that the nurse is not interested in participating in a procedure that can harm the patient or negatively impact on their health. A fatigued or distressed practitioner should be excused from engaging in healthcare delivery because it can result into low quality services (Atkins, De Lacey Britton, 2014). Conscience-based decisions are far much beyond individual interests because they are aimed at offering what is best in the opinion of the healthcare provider. Conclusion As a professional, a nurse should always be guided by the ethical codes and professional standards governing nursing. Although there are ethical and professional regulations to apply whenever attending to a patient, a nurse is still subject to their own opinion provided it is done in the interest of the patient. It is moral for a nurse to exercise the freedom of conscientious objection granted. However, the nurse requires doing so not for personal gain, but for reasonably justifiable grounds aimed at meeting the needs of the patient. References Atkins, K., De Lacey, S., Britton, B. (2014). Ethics and law for Australian nurses. Cambridge University Press. Burston, A. S., Tuckett, A. G. (2013). Moral distress in nursing Contributing factors,outcomes and interventions. Nursing Ethics, 20(3), 312-324. Chan, Z. C., Chan, Y. T., Lui, C. W., Yu, H. Z., Law, Y. F., Cheung, K. L., ... Lam, C. T. (2014). Gender differences in the academic and clinical performances of undergraduatenursing students: A systematic review. Nurse education today, 34(3), 377-388. Edwards, M. (2016). Physician-Assisted Death and Conscientious Objection: Implications for Critical Care Nurses. Canadian Journal of Critical Care Nursing, 27(2). Harding, T. (2013). Cultural safety: A vital element for nursing ethics. Nursing Praxis in NewZealand, 29(1), 4-12. Harries, J., Cooper, D., Strebel, A., Colvin, C. J. (2014). Conscientious objection and itsimpact on abortion service provision in South Africa: a qualitative study. Reproductivehealth, 11(1), 1. Lachman, V. D. (2014). Conscientious objection in nursing: definition and criteria foracceptance. Medsurg Nursing, 23(3), 196. Morrell, K. M., Chavkin, W. (2015). Conscientious objection to abortion and reproductivehealthcare: a review of recent literature and implications for adolescents. CurrentOpinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 27(5), 333-338. Nieminen, P., Lappalainen, S., Ristimki, P., Myllykangas, M., Mustonen, A. M. (2015).Opinions on conscientious objection to induced abortion among Finnish medical andnursing students and professionals. BMC medical ethics, 16(1), 1. Walsh, K. (2016). Perspectives: Nursing, ethics, human rights and asylum seekers: anAntipodean perspective on 2015. Journal of Research in Nursing, 20(8), 741-745.